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Audio and Video
Audio
Most of the audio pieces used in the University of Nebraska (UNL, Division
of Continuing Studies (DCS), Research and Development Unit (R&D)
CLASS™ courses were created by Nebraska Educational Telecommunications
(NET); consequently, they did not require permissions beyond standard
release forms from the speakers and the citing of the University
of Nebraska's ownership. However, a few courses used readings of
others' works; for example, the American History 1 course contains
the words of historical figures (generally collected in anthologies
and from historical documents) as read and recorded by NET. For these
audio selections, CLASS™ used the same permissions process
as it did for all excerpts from print.
A few audio pieces were acquired through free or inexpensive sources,
such as the Library of Congress and museums. However, like several
other permissions, CLASS™ met more restrictions to these types
of audio pieces once the for-profit became involved in marketing CLASS™ courses
because the criteria changed. The pieces were no longer viewed as being
strictly for educational use.
CLASS™ found one type of audio, music, to be extremely difficult
to acquire from a permissions standpoint. Virtually nothing that would
be classified as modern "popular music" could be used because
the royalties were well beyond an acceptable price range. The unit
was able to acquire the rights to use some music that had been popular
25 years ago or more. Artists and recording companies varied in their
views about putting their music online for educational purposes. Most
of the music in the CLASS™ courses, like the other audio, was
written, recorded, and produced at NET.
Video
Like audio, accessibility to video varied a great deal. The video for
the CLASS™ courses covered everything from taped interviews
to underwater photography. NET filmed and produced many of the interviews
as well as the scenarios used to illustrate various concepts for
the CLASS™ courses. The Project also bought the rights to use
video from small owner-operator video businesses, and the Library
of Congress. Other government agencies, and some museums have free
or inexpensive video ($200-$400). Most video pieces from larger companies
were too expensive (minimum charges of $1000-$1500).
The following is a list of some of the types of resources that the
CLASS™ Project used as video sources and the conditions applied
to them:
- NET or Contractors
- Most cost effective--no price or term of use
- University of Nebraska
owns the copyright
- No research expense
- All costs paid up front
- Credit line at the end of the course or
where appropriate at the link site
- Non-profit company
- Costs varied with some still
being too expensive to merit use
- Significant research costs
- Credit line as designated by the
source of the video
- Each frame of footage must be identified if
used as a stand-alone image, with credit line placed as in
other photographs
- Government
- Usually free to the public for educational
purposes, but may change if for-profit entity becomes involved
- Copyright
may need to be researched because the government may not own
the copyright
- Generally no terms of use
- Credit as designated by the government
agency or holder of the copyright
- For-profit company
- Larger companies are generally
too expensive for educational use
- Small owner-operator companies
and educational warehouses may fall into acceptable price range,
but may change if for-profit entity
becomes involved
- Credit as designated by the company
- Each frame of footage must
be identified if used as a stand-alone image with credit line
placed as in other photographs
Copyright 2004 - University of Nebraska Board of Regents - All Rights Reserved
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